Category Archives: African photographers

Objectivity and discernment in portraying Africa

African photography is on the rise. From street, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers are increasingly showing the world what they see through their lens following decades of photographic misrepresentation by observers from outside the continent. This is Africa spotlights them in a series of interviews.

La Sape made in DRC ; Un sapeur Styliste Kadhitoza , fait rage dans un banlieue à kinshasa avec son nouveau style de Sape sur scène .

Cyclisme, premier grand tour de la RDC

Foot , Manifestation de joie , sur une place publique, des supporters de l'équipe nationale de foot, après l'ouverture du score par les Léopards , comptant au premier tour allé de la coupe d'Afrique.

‚I want to defy the notion of changing times and cultures with photographs. While observing my fellow Africans during my fieldwork I go further than just registering, but want to put some artistic feel in my work.’ Junior Diatezua Kannah from the DRC gives the life of his subjects a luminous spirit that is rarely seen in news photography. He works as a freelancer with Agence France-Presse (AFP) since 2007, next to shooting his country for many other international magazines such as Jeune Africa and Forbes. ‚With my images I want to not only pass on information, but also educate and prevent certain things from happening again. It sometimes happens that I shoot the most horrible scenes because they occur in specific parts of the DRC, but actually are a mirror for other conflict situations around the glove. My point of view is universal as well as local.’

La symphonie Kimbaguiste est l'une des seule orchestre symphonique de la RDC , dont la Princesse de Monaco à fait personnellement le déplacement en RDC, pour entendre sa melodie  .

Le fleuve Congo

Le commerce du Manioc au Badaundu

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Kannah learned the art of photography in his job at Fujifilm, checking thousands of photos a day for clients, most of whom were photographers. He found out which image corresponded with which photographer and started recognising compositions, lights, depth of field etcetera. ‚In my spare time I looked at the images like paintings; only one or two percent of the images were interesting enough though, but it made me passionate about photography. A year after I left I became a photographer myself, kicking off with a story about a plane crash for the AFP with a cheap camera.’ He got some basic photojournalism tips from the English photographer Lionel Healing and departed from there. He visited dangerous areas torn apart by strive, but always aims at showing these regions in it’s purest form. ‚I know these regions and lived through the same situations, so it’s my duty to paint a respectful picture.’

Les armes abandonnées par le M23 , sur la montagnes de Chanzu

Les mines de coltans de Rubaya au Nord-kivu

Au palais présidentiel OUA

Mirroring behaviour

‚Africa is a continent victimised by propaganda, disrupting it’s development. Changes don’t come instantaneous, but take time. Therefore I’m motivated by the fact that each story, everything new, can bring change for the future’, Kannah explains. ‚By mirroring the behaviour of my fellow Africans against my own I try to search for consistency. I work in that introspective way to create an effect of insight. That way I can make references to the troubled history of Africa and the DRC and it’s hopefully positive future.’ The result is photography that is never faked or forged; Kannah loves the raw state of his images.

llustration du projet de la reconstruction du pays = Les 5 chantiers du chef de l'Etat

Lors de la première edition Congo Fashion (Soirée Mode et création)

Informative

However, in his journalistic work for AFP there is always a certain degree of discernment, so he tries to show the situation as objective as possible and include the most interest for the viewer. ‚It’s hard for me to concentrate on my own, independent work, since AFP asks me to go on assignment on different subjects. There’s no place within their hierarchy for background stories. It’s a different way of working and the images always need to be informative; therefore me personal work takes a long time to complete. But when I have some time left I shoot documentary style photographs of locations that haven’t been shown a lot to the outside world; unknown places of my country.’ In general he tends to work the same way though and stay close to what really happens in the DRC. ‚That way I ensure my audience that when they look at my images – for whoever I shot them – are a realistic illustration of the country. Whether it be through images of the fauna and flora or people like the ‚sapeurs’. I search for consistency in all areas.’

Lutte contre la toxicomanie ; Un toxicomane en RDC essaye sans arrêt de mettre fin à cette obsession . Après avoir abandonner travail et foyer en suisse , il espère arrêter un jour pour retrouver sa famille.

Reportage sur l'exploitation illégale du bois dans la région de Bandudu

Everyone’s prerogative

The photographer who hasn’t seen his parents since the age of nine is critical about the status of photography in his home country. Even though it’s booming because of the rise of digital cameras and mobile phones it implies that photography is now the prerogative of everyone, according to Kannah. ‚That also means it’s often confused with professional work; which it’s not most of the time. Institutions should protect and guarantee the quality of the profession, but lack the initiative and constant monitoring. Sometimes I find pictures of myself back in newspapers who just picked them of the internet without my consent.’ Local media also don’t have any budget for photography, so in order to support them he offers his images for free, in exchange for a mention of his name.

Un creuseur des mines de coltan de Rubaya au Nord-Kivu

Une jeune fille de 12 , à l'hpital heal Africa au nord kivu , violée depuis à  l'age de neuf ans

Just starting

Where in European media and culture photography takes a more prominent place in general and there are legal authorities that protect photographers rights, their colleagues in the DRC miss that. ‚There is a competition element as well, which makes overseas photographers having to constantly improve their work, but in the DRC or other African counties, we must first assert the profession itself and promote our work. It’s clear that our tasks are different. They quality is there, but we lack a solid structure.’ Yet Kannah is actually quite impressed by the work of foreign photographers on his continent, like Phil Moore for example. ‚But I’m meticulous about my own work and very happy that international colleagues congratulate me with my work. In my head it just starts to take shape.’

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Masters of Our Identity

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

‚Fashion and street culture are a dynamic everyday method of expressing oneself to the world in the form of clothing’, according to South African photographer Anthony Bila. As founder of the picture blog ‚The Expressionist’ he focusses on showing his country on a day to day basis. ‚I’d like to think of myself as a creator who uses photography to express my thoughts, opinions and feelings to the world. Since especially for the youth of South Africa fashion and a personal style have become an important way to show who you are and what you stand for without ever having to say a word, he wants to capture it’s evolution as it happens. The autodidact goes into townships (for his series ‚The Township Diaries’) to include a cultural aspect in his work. ‚A personal project in which I went deeper to show the fascinating aspects of a continent that deserves a more balanced photographic coverage then currently present in international media. I’m tired of the misconceptions and prejudices about my continent. and even though clothing can be worn as an illusion – a projection of who we would like to be instead of who we are – when I contemplated this I wanted to conceptualise this in a more authentic representation of my country and continent.’

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While his daily work mainly consists of street/fashion photography – ‚simply because it chronicles personal styles as I see it’ – he also has ongoing projects for which he revisits certain themes in his work. In general, with all his photographs, he want to show the possibilities and potential of (South) Africa. ‚In contrast to what is mainly shown about our continent, we are youthful, creative, intelligent, talented and have a lot to offer to offer the world. I want to capture those beautiful and hopeful aspects, even though South Africa is a complex country to work in. We are anything but lost and can tell our own story in our own way’, Bila emphasises. His country and continent are a place full of possibilities according to him and by putting both in a new perspective, he tries to offer a fresh, new and honest look. With the hope of encouraging people to visit South Africa themselves and see the places and people that he captures, their is even a marketing aspect to be found in his work. ‚There is something uniquely South African to my images that I cordially invite people to experience for themselves.’

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By showing the ‚young, liberated SA of the future’ Bila wants to bring Africa to the world and the world to Africa. For him photographing his people doesn’t actually feel like work, but merely like self-expression. He usually works alone for the sake of speed and convenience, making it possible for him to move around relatively unnoticed. ‚That way I can capture moments and images others are not able to. Trying to do so is exciting and because of our diversity in people and cultures it forces me to be creative.’ South Africans have an indomitable spirit, says Bila, and posses a conviction to prove themselves. In his opinion a good photographer has got to have a good understanding of human beings and their nature. ‚If your subjects are comfortable, their ease translates in the image and works as a window to see who they are. Being self-taught all my photographs are shot purely instinctual; I see the image in my mind and capture it.’

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Through his photography Bila has the opportunity to capture real moments and real people in a real context. By representing different people from different walks of life he honestly represents the Africa trough his own eyes. ‚I simply have to answer to myself and show my own perspective, without caring for what other think’, he explains. ‚Through social media I can share my view with a lot more people, just like al lot of other young photographers in the country do. Internet has made photography accessible to everybody and in combination with advancing technology and a growing subculture it’s understandable that photography has grown in stature, relevance and importance in South Africa and the continent.’ Having said that, there are still barriers to entry for professional photographers in South Africa, especially younger photographers, and more specifically, black photographers in South Africa, according to Bila. ‚The plight for female photographers, especially those of colour is even more dire.’ He feels there is a lot more in terms of developing new young and talented photographers, male and female in the country. ‚The limitations are there and likely will always be there, but I do believe thanks to the internet and social media, we can showcase our potential, bypass agencies and agents and get to see the work young photographers are capable of producing.’

Even though the photography scene in South Africa is of world standard, there is still a lack of skill when it comes to sharing and developing, which hinders the further proliferation of the industry from the continent to the world. ‚The scene in South Africa has gained incredible momentum and there are superbly talented young talents emerging all the time, but just like in the rest of Africa, they face similar challenges.’ Bila is positive about the future though, making plans to work extensively in Europe to bring his African perspectives into an international context. He thinks that South African photographers are the next big thing on the international stage. ‚I believe the more other Africans and foreigners alike see our work, increasingly they’ll believe that we are the masters of our own identity.’

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Photographing Burundi

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

You could call it a luxury problem, but when Arnaud Gwaga Mugisha talks about one of his “hardest struggles” he’s actually referring to the the fact that as a student abroad he had a very difficult time finding beautiful images of his home country to brag with. “Burundi might be poor, but its landscapes are magnificent and its inhabitants are truly loving people,” says the photographer from Bujumbura, Burundi’s capital.

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Though he already had a management degree, he decided three years ago to head in a different direction. “I fooled myself into wanting to become someone I actually wasn’t. After dating a photographer, I had the courage to tell myself that it was OK to have spend four years studying and end up doing something completely different afterwards, so I picked up a camera. I should add that support from friends and family made me want to pursue the field of photography as well.” Things fell into place when he started to receive encouraging comments from strangers via social media and from viewers close to home.

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“What I did was develop a segment I knew I could run a business in: commercials photography [i.e. advertising]. So after another study – in which I specialised in photographing hotels, currently a booming business here – I teamed up with graphic and web designers to found a creative firm. We focus on commercial work with the intention of reaching other nations, and by doing so change perceptions of Burundi.”

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Mugisha chooses and shoots his landscapes, portraits and cultural events carefully to show the “outstanding and captivating” features of his country. His company also works in neighbouring Rwanda, and is preparing for fierce competition in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, countries further in the game. “To achieve my goals I will have to partner with locals and let them run the creative section while I stay behind the camera. That way I can set myself apart, and vice versa.”

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“In all honestly, says Mugisha, “I’m not a photojournalist; I’m a marketeer.” According to him, the continent needs some serious rebranding – “away from hunger and need for charity.” He made a pledge to himself to never photograph anything bad in Africa; to do so would only be counterproductive. “When the people of a country love their place I can trust them to market it as such. Therefore, I always reflect on why I take an image and often find myself asking questions like ‘Will the diaspora love this shot?’” Giving Burundians the chance to see themselves portrayed differently by one of their own is Mugisha’s goal. And with more Burundians having access to internet and using social media, it’s easier than ever for him to reach more and more of them.

Fishermen

Yet photography is still a new domain in Burundi, and one not often associated with professionalism. Mugisha has to endure questions from people asking about his “hobby” and why he isn’t getting a “serious job.” “There is a certain limitation in earning a living as a photographer in one of the poorest countries in the world. As photographers in Africa, I think we need to take ourselves a little more seriously as well. Specialise and develop in specific fields. I’m a commercials photographer but to earn a living I shoot weddings as well. I should just focus on that one thing: rebranding Burundi.” Every photographer has his or her audience and where non-Africans mainly shoot for westerners, Mugisha’s audience is primarily local. “Of course I aim for an international market, too: they should see that Africans can smile, dress well and live in a breathtaking place. And luckily I can cover everything there is to see in this great variety of landscapes and people, because Burundi is only a small country, but it’s full of beauty.”

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Changing the negatively-biased view of the black-African image

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

When Neo Ntsoma started her career as a photojournalist back in 1998, there were only a handful of black female professional photographers in South Africa, herself included. The profession was largely the preserve of white males. “Like the other black upstarts, I had to work hard to prove myself to a sophisticated market not known for giving too many second chances.” The absence of black female photographers was mainly a hangover from the apartheid years. It was not safe for any photographer to take images that carried any political message – and this danger applied particularly to women. “Many photographers were regularly locked up, while others went into exile. As a result, my generation of women was left without any role models.”

A TRUE REFLECTION of OUR past timesÉ

Fifteen years later however, Ntsoma is the first female recipient of the CNN African Journalist Award for photography and the National Geographic All Roads Photography Award, and her photographs have appeared in major publications around the world. She is living proof that where there’s a will, there’s a way. ”For nine consecutive years of the CNN competition only male photographers were recipients, until my name was called out. That was especially uplifting because I was under so much pressure to achieve something great at the time, seeing as there were no black women in the field who had achieved anything that spectacular.” Her determination to change the industry was realised that evening of the awards. It was only the beginning of even bigger opportunities for Ntsoma, and she knew it wasn’t going to be easy. “But I was prepared for the challenge.”

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She yearned to prove to South Africa and the world that African women could excel at professions that had solely been associated with men. “I made it my responsibility to build a solid legacy for future generations. There was always a constant reminder that what I was doing or striving for was much bigger than me. I was rewriting our history as black (African) women photographers and changing perceptions of how the world viewed us.” According to Ntsoma, black women have always found themselves in front of the lens, rather than behind it. Frequently portrayed as victims of patriarchy, tradition, violence and poverty in apartheid South Africa, she doesn’t think women from her mother’s generation could have become photographers if they’d wanted to.

Now, almost two decades into democracy, a lot of photographers still struggle to find platforms to showcase their work in South Africa. “I believe that more should be done to develop the field in my country like other art mediums such as music, dance and theatre. Photography is still a relatively new profession within the black community, and understandably so given our colonial history. There’s nothing more frustrating than wanting to study towards a profession that’s not fully understood by your community, let alone by your own family.” Ntsoma doesn’t want to have to go overseas to exhibit her work, or to get funding to pursue a photography career – “We need those opportunities at home.”

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But how did Ntsoma decide on Photojourmalism? “It turned out to be more of a calling than I could ever have imagined, with memories of my childhood playing a big role. That really sparked my interest in photography. It felt like I had to capture images of my people and my country to add to the riches of the past and help tell and explain the story of our time, now and, perhaps, for generations to come.” She joined The Star, one of South Africa’s biggest daily newspapers, as staff photographer in 2000, and was determined to earn respect as a photographer by making her work match the quality of shots by already respected photographers, like the members of The Bang Bang Club.

“Johannesburg had earned its place as one of the most dangerous cities in the world and I was right in the middle of it all. This ran contrary to the reason I became a photojournalist in the first place – not seeing enough vibrant images of black South African life; I so much wanted to capture this and share it with the world.” Now, having earned her place in the field, nationally and international, she photographs to reclaim the dignity and pride of Africans, “to prove that we are not inferior, as the history books would have us believe. What people see of Africa needs to change.”

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Ntsoma is hopeful that her images will play a part in changing the negatively-biased view of the black/African image the Western schools curriculum has for many years forced upon young people. That goal comes with it’s usual obstacles though, because despite all she has achieved Ntsoma still doesn’t have any gallery representation in South Africa. Most most don’t represent photojournalists for simple reason that it is not regarded as an art form. “Unlike in other parts of the world, the work of photojournalists in South Africa is only associated with newspapers and NGOs. Although I have exhibited my work in most parts of the world, I have only had three exhibitions here, the last being in 2006.” Like many others in her field, she still has to battle to convince the local market that her work is worth it. “I know many South African photographers with amazing work in their archives, but these works are never going to see the light of day.”

Needless to say, it’s a challenge to survive financially as an independent photographer in South Africa. And if this weren’t a big enough problem, there’s also the influx of foreign photographers sent by international photo agencies to come and document the lives of South Africans and tell their stories to the world. “Like we lack the skill to do so ourselves. As long as we allow this to continue, we will forever feel that Africa is misrepresented and mis-imaged in the western media. We do welcome collaborations and skills exchanges, but what we don’t tolerate is for them to take from us and not give anything back in return.” The image of Africa should be shown in all its diversity, not from one point of view and it’s this diversity that Ntsoma tries to capture.

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“My aim is to reverse the negative stereotypes of Africa and Africans. Next to that, unlike in other African states, commercial photography in South Africa is still very much controlled and dominated by white people. In places like Nigeria and Kenya, you find black/African females shooting advertorial campaigns and really taking the world of fashion and advertising by storm. Lately there have been a good number of black girls venturing into photography as a profession, but only a handful have managed to make a significant mark.” According to Ntsoma many end up dropping out to pursue other interests because of the lack of emotional and financial support from their families. “A black woman with a camera is still a rare thing in South African townships, and it will probably take a lot of convincing to prove that – just like our brothers – we too are capable.”

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Telling the truth about Africa with photography

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

If only he knew what he exactly wanted to show, his life would be a lot easier. But for Ghanaian photographer Nana Kofi Acquah, Africa is a never-ending journey of discovery.

“My aim is to show the beauty of Africa, and so far I’ve just been sharing my experiences with my viewers. I see myself therefore more as a storyteller who uses his camera as a medium.” Acquah grew up in his grandmother’s pub in Elmina, Ghana, just two hundred metres away from São Jorge da Mina, the first slave castle built in sub-Sahara Africa. “It [the pub] was the hotspot for every kind of gossip and the place where I learned to develop a keen ear. To date, I think one of my best gifts is my ability to listen and even to hear what is not being vocalised.”

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Using this gift Acquah works all over Africa, though he speaks only three of the thousands of languages spoken on the continent. So he’d be the first person to admit that he only scratches the surface. “People tend to think that because I am African, I know the continent better. They think I am more in tune with the cultures, but this is far from the truth. When you consider the fact that each language represents a way of seeing and embodies diverse belief systems and ideologies, you discover that whatever I do now is only the tip of iceberg.” It’s the unknown however that motivates him. The fact that he might see or hear something new tomorrow.

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His work is a combination of documentary and commercial photography.  Having been initiated into photography via the commercial side, he found his passion for storytelling leading him towards documentary, and noticed that no matter how hard he tried, his pictures always looked “a bit glossy”. “I saw that as a weakness for a long time, till I realised that no matter how hard I tried, I can never run away from the fact that it’s part of me and my past.

This past life came to an end seven years ago when Kofi dropped everything after five successful years in advertising to pursue a full-time career in photography. After starting off as a copywriter and accidentally picking up a camera because they needed to take pictures for design layouts, he kept on improving. Upon reaching the point where in his job as creative director at advertising agency TBWA the clients often preferred his pictures to those of his professional colleagues, he knew his competence in photography could make him a career in photography. “Years before that I worked as a radio presenter and even though the fame was nice, I got bored at some point. I felt the visual part of me was dying – my childhood dream was to become a painter – and changed to advertising. Now felt I had to make another change, even though the timing was bad with a family to support and not much money in the bank. The early days were tough but perseverance always pays off.”

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Luckily Acquah persevered, because when he made the change he became a joke in many circles. “Most educated Africans – and Ghanaians in particular – believe that the only mark of good education and intelligence is when one works as a lawyer, banker, doctor, engineer, pilot or professor for example. They don’t realise that if well-educated folk don’t take on the responsibility of telling Africa’s stories, we will always be at the mercy of those who tell our stories for us. With digital cameras becoming affordable, I am seeing a lot more young people taking up photography and this is the beginning of the journey to correct Africa’s image after over a hundred years of photographic misinterpretation.”

Yet the photographer doesn’t want to go out to “educate” or “change opinions”. He thinks it’s dangerous to work with this mindset and a very presumptuous idea. “It assumes that one knows what’s best for another and unfortunately much of what has been created on Africa was done by people who were intent on showing us the way; totally disregarding their own blindness.” For that reason he tries to stay as neutral as possible. As much as he would like to always paint Ghana and Africa in a positive light, there is also the fact there is a lot that happens on the continent that isn’t positive. “I see it as a gross injustice towards the victims if people like me turn a blind eye to their stressful situations. It’s about showing a truthful image, contrary to the fact that western media has over centuries focused so much on Africa’s negatives. People now think that’s all there is, when the reality is all the rot won’t even account for five percent of what Africa is.”

A fisherman at Ankobra points out to sea

From his hometown of Kokrobite, a tiny village outside the capital Accra on the coast, he works all across Africa for corporations like FIFA, Nike and BASF, NGOs like UNESCO, WaterAid and CARE, and magazines/newspapers like Geo France, The Guardian and The Financial Times. Ghana is his hub, and from there he’s travelled to Cameroon, Uganda, Angola, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast and Liberia. Travelling so much for work has its difficulties and challenges, the three main ones being access, cost and culture. “Gaining access to certain parts of the continent is just difficult. You can think of this in terms of going to remote villages and towns, but even traveling from one African country to another can be difficult. Travelling within Africa can be extremely expensive, and when one finds himself where the story is, then there is the cultural and languages barrier to cross. At the end of the day, however, nothing inspires me like this continent because of all the diversity it offers.”

And there are more positive sides, because the continent’s rising economy brings more prosperity to photography enthusiasts in Africa; for Acquah that means more people asking to buy prints. “And a lot of young people can now afford some good cameras so we are also getting a lot of new photographers every day. Next to that, fortunately because of the internet, there is also a rapid growth in competence within the photography community. The internet really takes away every excuse we used to have for when we performed poorly in any endeavour.” Of course it helps that photographers like Acquah spread their message and photography via the Instagram group ,everydayafrica’, for example.

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And we mustn’t forget the bridge the internet creates between African and non-African photographers. “Before, I think that most foreigners came with preconceived notions and went around looking for images that fit their prejudice. Fortunately, that attitude is gradually changing: I see a lot more effort by non-African photographers to change the rhetoric. The difference between my work and that of non-African photographers is something the viewer perceives more than I do, however, I don’t compare myself to anyone – foreign or national.” That leads Acquah to another observation: “Ghanaians don’t collaborate.” It’s a cultural problem, in his opinion, of which he also is guilty. “We keep our ideas and opportunities to ourselves and only invite our colleagues to our exhibitions and ask them to like our published work on social media. If we never become as strong a force, as say the Nigerians, this will be what did us in – self-centredness.” Words his colleagues throughout the continent should probably pay heed to.

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The new African Photography

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

Not only is Emeka Okereke (1980) one of the Nigeria’s most high profile contemporary photographers, he is also the founder of Invisible Borders, an artist-led initiative that brings several upcoming African artists together for an annual road-trip in order to question the photographic representation of their continent. ’A photograph is a window and not the view. Don’t photograph what you see, photograph what you feel’, he tells the participants. That’s what he does himself and it’s an approach that allows him to explore questions of co-existence, otherness and self-discovery. Okereke’s work often includes subtle references to socio-political issues, which he also addresses by non-photographic means: poetry, video and collaborative projects.

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‘There is a sense of responsibility in my work, together with consciousness. I want to show the public the changing situation of Africa, but first we need to sensitise them to actually be able to see this.’ By deciphering hidden lines and using his travels and experiences – Okereke lives and works between Africa and Europe – he tries to understand the world he’s living in from an African point of view. ’Only after that can I try to make the rest of the world change their perception of our continent. By putting emphasis on the way we live our lives I try to steer away from the negative (stereotypical) image that people have of Africa. We have our own kind of organisation, that comes from improvisation’, he explains. He points out though, that this is a very tricky subject. The pitfall of romanticisation or commodification beckons, and with those you miss your goal. ’Emphasising either extreme just works in an averted way.’

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For Okereke, Africans don’t have to justify themselves to anyone. Nowadays, African artists and photographers are forced to take a stance and make a big deal out of what they do, he says. ’Where we actually should take the freedom to show or tell what we want, be creative and try to find the right balance. It’s almost a cliché, but somehow Africans don’t see that they can investigate their own position and that way be active without getting boxed in to a issue. Because if they divert, they won’t get noticed anymore. We’re not free to do what we want yet.’

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Part of the reason why Okereke has such an outspoken opinion about the status of photography in Africa is because he’s been part of the Depth of Field collective (DoF) for over ten years. Just two years after he came in contact with photography in 2001 and not even five years after he first touched a camera to capture his siblings going to church, he became the assistant of another Nigerian photographer, Uche James-Iroha. Uche was one of the founders of the group of six professionals in DoF and being around him every day eased Emeka’s way into the collective as the youngest member. ’It was like the school I never had. Not just a project, but a way of life. DoF is a group of friends actually, who when they get together talk solely about the photographic portrayal of Africa, aesthetics and their subjects.’ Together with colleagues like Kelechi Amadi-Obi and Akinbode Akinbiyi, Uche created a sort of a radical environment for Okereke. It quickly resulted in honour and praise, with Uche winning the Best Young Photographer award at the Bamako Photo Festival in 2003.

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‘Photography is a powerful tool and I do feel that I have a task to fulfill as a photographer. Sometimes situations that cannot be explained, can be shown. My pictures are not merely images, something static. They’re windows to possibilities, can be read and interpreted differently, lending themself to the flexibility of shifting contexts.’ Okereke, who has exhibited in biennales and art festivals in different cities around the world, is constantly looking for answers, not paying heed to received wisdom. He just wants to see Africa anew by experimenting within his own reality, with history as his guide. He is optimistic, and why wouldn’t he be? ’There is a lot of energy flowing through Nigeria when it comes to the future of photography. The audience is positive about our work. Young people are very interested in new directions to follow and internet gives them a stage to show their images to the world. And all over the continent female photographers are stepping up, watch that!’

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According to Okereke, the rise of African photography goes hand in hand with the growth of an entire ecosystem. ’There have to be people writing about photography, galleries showing it, videographers willing to cooperate and bloggers spreading the work’, he explains. ’It’s a new generation of students and young professionals that is concerned with this, all to create a better understanding of the work of photographers. Education within these sectors is therefore a very important factor.’ This explains why he organises projects with artistic interventions, promoting exchanges that cut across indigenous and international platforms. He led the first ever photographic exchange projects between a school in France and one in Nigeria. ’I tell these students that they can photograph anything; there are no boundaries. If they diversify, the complete story will come out. You need to see the potential, be sensitive to talent and give people room to grow.’

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Wherever he is, Okereke’s photography is African. He doesn’t feel that he has to explain why his work is African, because he is one himself. The moment he starts to fight that, he says, he’d box himself in again. ‘It’s just a different context. What is going to change the perspective of Africa is not what you do or how you do it, but what influences you and what you show the outside world. I allow myself to change and let myself become an embodiment of that change. My photography will reflect that and hopefully affect others and their perceptive.’

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Photography as a medium for social change

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

‘I believe in the power of still images’, proclaims Mario Macilau (1984). The Mozambican photographer uses his photography as a tool to change people’s minds about the world we’re living in, focusing on the living and working conditions of socially isolated groups. ‘I’m mostly thinking about how my work can contribute to changing their situation. As a social documentary photographer I try to break the silence surrounding them and bring their identities, which have been hidden for too long, to the foreground. Hopefully this will cause some social impact.’

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Activism for progressive change has always been integrated into the work of the young artist from the city of Maputo. Operating within a global movement fighting for social justice, peace and environmental issues, Macilau constantly confronts his audience with the power of realism. Born in the newly independent Mozambique in the midst of the most critical phase of its civil war, his family struggled. ‘Plants do not choose the garden in which they flourish and blossom’, he writes in his biography. Having worked since he was just seven years old, he started taking pictures just ten years ago, reaching a professional level in 2007. ‘Now I specialize in long-term projects on living and environmental conditions, striving for a positive change across different cultures, locations and perspectives.’

Macilau, whose images have been described as ‘alarming and provoking, arresting and engaging, public and private but, above all, utterly human’ does not expect people to tell him how amazing the compositions of his work are, because he would rather have them read his work deeply. ‘What I shoot is quite sensitive and I want it to create a line of discussion, to provoke. The power of the image together with my believe in my subjects motivate me to photograph their situations.‘ For Macilau it’s about sharing their testimonies, while directly reflecting on his own experiences. ‘I believe that the path of life has made me who I am and I learned from that. It would be easy to say that, if born somewhere else, I would have different views, but if you don’t experience something, you don’t know. My life is not based on imagination, but on experience. I was born in Mozambique and I am still based here, a fact that is important in my personal and professional life.’

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Even though he didn’t know how he could use photography as a source of income when he started out ten years ago, Macilau did believe in the medium as a stage to get his message out. Yet he admits to not knowing much about how critics perceive his images: ‘What they say is more virtual than real. There is a difference between misinterpreting an image and using a photograph to tell a different story than it was meant to do’. With that statement he aims at a century of photographic misrepresentation of the African continent. According to Macilau, who won both the Visa pour la Creation in France and the Protection Project Award in Washington last year, the world is filled with cameras these days and regardless of the past, we should look at how photographs are getting used right now to portray the continent and Mozambique in particular. ‘As professional photographers we should aim at painting a complete and coherent image, instead of letting amateurs tell a misleading story with sensational photographs.’

To do this he focuses on the different aspects of everyday life in his work. What brings a big difference when comparing photography to paintings or drawings is the fact that ‘the people are becoming part of your portfolio, including their real lives, identity and stories.’ This reality, says Macilau, must be seen by others in order to see the impact and changes they’ve gone through in the future. ‘They may be different, their stories might change, just like their way of thinking. There is not a singular image of Mozambique I intend to show. It changes constantly and I use my photography as a tool to show people’s lives to the world.’

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This is not an easy task though. As Macilau explains, artists in Mozambique are marginalized by people from the outside (like tourists and media) and the inside – collectors. He has to continue fighting and dreaming and even though he could choose to go abroad, he prefers to stay in Mozambique because it’s the best way for him to articulate the experiences of the people there. ‘I grew up there, I lived the same life [as my subjects, ed.] and I know what in their hearts and minds. It’s easy to understand each other and build a relationship, but as a photographer I also like to explore new worlds, work outside my comfort zone and discover different places.‘ Good reasons, especially when you consider that the recent economic growth hasn’t done anything for the popularity of photography in his country. ‘There is simply no social development here. Without it, emerging artists have a gloomy future. But we simply cannot force it. It’s not about the quantity of the images, but the quality.’

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What challenges the progress of photography in his country? ‘Young people in Mozambique are very afraid to take risks’, explains Macilau. ‘These days a lot of people come to me, saying: you travel a lot, I want to become a photographer and do the same. Young people have to first work on building a portfolio with strong images. They dream too much. South Africa for example does provide a lot of good spaces for young artists like Sabelo Mlangeni to develop themselves first.’ There are some good ‘new generation’ photographers in his country, such as Mauro Pinto and Filipe Branquinho. Macilau also points out Michael Tsegaye (Ethiopia) and Sammy Baloji (Congo) as examples of young talent.

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The African continent needs this new talent in order to correctly represent itself in the future. ‘We’re no victims. No matter what we have been through, we’re still here with the intention to achieve something. I hear people complain all the time, instead of fighting for what they believe in. Too much theory and not enough practical effort to change the situation, just like a lot of young photographers. They have to understand the world is more than just the continent we’re living in. We’re not special because we’re Africans, but because we’re human beings like everybody else and live together on the same planet.‘ Macilau therefore focuses on the present, but never looses sight of the future: ‘If today it’s raining and you don’t remove your clothes when entering the house, what will you wear tomorrow?

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Barbara Minishi is exploring her own ‘unique visual DNA’

African photography is on the rise. From street to art photography, conceptual and documentary to fashion photography, homegrown photographers (not only in the Francophone-African countries) are increasingly stepping up to show their world what they see when they look through the lens, following decades of photographic misrepresentation, or reduction, by observers from outside the continent.

Barbara Minishi shoots from instinct. ‘I immerse myself in my work and stay open to surprises’, she explains. ‘It’s easy to get set in a particular way of doing things, but I find that by following what I’m curious and excited about, and therefore what challenges me, I grow.’ What she’s scared about, the unknown, for instance, galvanises her. ‘That fear, a certain kind of vulnerability is necessary.’

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Minishi first came in contact with photography at an early age, when she played around with her father’s camera. At university she primarily shot as a way to avoid participating in other activities, but her work got noticed by the uni’s PR-department and she got hired as a photographer for the school paper. ‘I didn’t realise it was what I really wanted to do as a career until I had a ‘eureka!’ moment a week after graduation. I realised photography was what drove me and held my interest. With it I had a voice and could focus on the subjects I wanted to show the world.’

After an internship with one of the few photographers in Nairobi with whom she shared the same vision with respect to photography, Minishi started shooting her own documentary stories, teaching and challenging herself by just doing it because the schools to which she applied for further training charged steep fees. ‘Photography is a daily learning process that I got on Nairobi’s streets’, says Minishi. ‘I just love watching, observing and noticing, witnessing the ordinary and capturing that. Whether it be in fashion, commercial, documentary, art or portraiture, I relish the act of creating a strong constructive element, the ability to tell stories, the freedom to explore concepts and to challenge clichés.’ Photography is for her Minishi a playground that provides her with an audience and a chance to re-imagine, connect and learn.

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‘There are no proper schools of photography here in Kenya, but I feel the concept of visual literacy needs to be incorporated into our educational system as we are all sensitive to visual nuance and sometimes images get misconstrued.’

While she isn’t solely concerned with changing opinions, she does find it odd whenever someone says her images “don’t look Kenyan,” particularly as Kenya is where she grew up and went to school, and she mostly shoots Kenyans in Kenya. ‘Some people get really surprised by the calibre of my work, and by my aesthetic and manner of working, and assume it’s because of foreign influences. However, it’s the opposite that’s true. I focus on different subjects, and I think these do not automatically equate to being in one place. Sometimes getting out of your zone or circle of influence provides the opportunity to look at things from a different way.’

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About one thing Minishi is really clear: that her vision is not based on a quest. People can interpret her work however they want, whether they choose to view it as a sort of movement or not. ‘It’s their assumption but not my reality,’ she points out. ‘Maybe it’s because for too long a certain kind of image of Africa was mostly seen and now that there are more and more African photographers doing their own visionary work the rest of the world is starting to notice and calling it as a ‘quest’. I don’t think it is. I believe it’s simply photographers doing what they want to do and more people being receptive to our work.’ As a result she feels people sometimes get stuck discussing and analysing viewpoints about photography from Africa and forget that life is going on. ‘I would rather shoot more quality photographs than talk about the lopsided view. I’m really not concerned about cementing myself in the past.’

Sometimes however the rising photographer feels that she does get stuck in a ‘victim’ mentality as she talks too much about the past and external negative factors. ‘I forget that we are in the present, the now. Of course there’s history, but I can’t carry this around like excess luggage all the time and use it to justify how and why I shoot images. I have learned from it and still do, but don’t want to stay focused on it anymore. Learn from the past and move on, just like you deal with other difficulties. Use it to your advantage!’ No wonder her aim is to broaden her horizon and work worldwide, a goal she’s clearly already taking little steps towards.

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Asked how she’d like to portray Kenya, she shrugs: ‘Kenya is what it is. Truth is subjective and my truth is not necessarily that of others. So I don’t want to concoct any kind of image about my country.’ Her opinion about the development and limitations of photography in Kenya are just as clear: ‘Limitations exist based on an individual and how they view the world’, she says. ‘Pondering it doesn’t change anything and with the resources I have I am developing myself as best as I can. Of course I don’t have all the equipment, tools, or access or outreach I want, but this doesn’t stop me. I do what I can with what I have.‘ Whether the continent’s rising economy is being reflected in the popularity of photography in Kenya is for her also a non-issue: ‘It has always been popular in Africa, irrespective of the economical status. Same for Kenya.’

She sees the photography scene growing nonetheless, and she finds it ‘exciting and dynamic’. But she is careful about looking at other photographers’ work, in order to stay unique. ‘The challenge is always to create a cohesive story. Sometimes it happens, other times not.’ That there is a difference in the way situations are portrayed is natural, she believes. ‘Some people choose one angle, others another. I’m not grading another photographers work on what they may have failed to see and then take it on as my responsibility to get another opinion out to the international market.‘ And it’s not solely an African or non-African issue. ‘Both have their own failures, and I know that there are also foreigners who are indeed telling honest and beautiful stories about our continent.’

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Minishi stresses the point that her aim is not expressly to be different from other Kenyan or foreign photographers for the sake of standing out. Rather, it’s a lifelong process of exploring her own ‘unique visual DNA’. ‘I believe following what you are attracted to irrespective of what others say or do is the way to work. Of course you can learn from constructive criticism and get inspired by others photographers’ work, but I think it’s brilliant to have our different backgrounds influence our storytelling.’ What that will mean for her in the future is unknown. ‘The present is changing as the seconds tick by’, she says. ‘Therefore I focus on growing now, exploring and developing my vision on Kenya and the way to show this to the outside world though all manners possible.’

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